Monday, September 30, 2019

Declaration of Sentiments: Blog Response Essay

After 156 years, you would think that the issues brought up in the Declaration of Sentiments would have been resolved by this day, but unfortunately that is not the case. Since the dawn of capitalism, developing around the same time period the Declaration was written, it has become one of the most powerful (if not THE most powerful) economic structures in the world. It is no coincidence that this structure has become increasingly dependent on the destruction of women’s self-image, self-respect, and self-worth in order to sell more products. In the Declaration of Sentiments, one of the grievances listed recounts men’s continuing dominance over women’s self- respect. It reads as follows: â€Å"[Man] has endeavored, in every way that he could to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life.† It’s heartbreaking to see that this issue is still so pervasive today. It is not a learned behavior to hate one’s own appearance, hate one’s own size, and to feel as though there is a rigid sphere in which a person should inhabit. All of these self-worth issues have repeatedly been projected at women by men for years– whether it be through religious standards, social norms, or in this case, through profit. This method is much more insidious and less blatant than the traditional concept of men literally exerting physical dominance over women. In fact, the destruction of women’s self-worth via modern capitalism is so normal that it goes completely unnoticed. It’s because of subtleties like this that some people believe that sexism is no longer a problem. However, many people don’t seem to give any thought to the fact that women aren’t born believing that they are not pretty enough, not the right size, and that there are only a set amount of career options for them. Around age seven, a roughly equal number of boys and girls have ambitions to become the president of the United States. However, when asked the same question again at age 14, the number of girls with the same ambition dropped significantly . Most of the sexism perpetrated today feels normalized and flies under the radar for most of the media-consuming population. Another subtle way in which sexism exists isn’t even committed by men—women are taking part in a cycle of misogyny and hatred of the members of their own gender. Very commonly nowadays you see young girls and even grown women claim to be different from their female peers in order to seem more appealing to men. It’s a very simple self-perpetuating way for misogyny to exist without ever being perpetrated by males. With the â€Å"not-like-other-girls† mindset, women are pitted against other women, as opposed to standing in solidarity against the very institutional sexism they have been unknowingly perpetuating. Girl-on-girl hate has been sensationalized and normalize in the media via television shows (see Gossip Girl), movies (see Mean Girls), and books (see The Clique series) all of these are specifically targeted for young girls. Often the antagonists of these stories are female peers and the happy ending or â€Å"reward† is finally getting to be with which ever boy that has been lusted over for the length of the story. While they do highlight the very real issue of bullying in schools, these stories do little to nothing to promote the friendship and commonality that young girls have together. In relation to the aforementioned grievance, self-image doesn’t have to be limited to one’s personality or appearance—it can refer to one’s gender, and can lead to the dislike of members of one’s own gender. It’s easy to focus on the issues that have yet to be resolved. However women have made many strides since this Declaration of Sentiments was written. One of the first monumental movements started, led, and accomplished by women was women’s suffrage. This led to later allowing women the equal opportunity to work in office. Smaller yet equally necessary movements have been sprouting all across the globe such as body positivity, anti-street harassment, and sex positivity, which aims to get rid of the double standard between men and women’s sexual activity. Although many feel sexism has been irradiated it is still very much alive despite the many victories women have had. Socially, politically, and sexually women have been repressed and overpowered but with hopeful generations massive amounts of development is yet to come. Bibliography Cogdon, Jessica, Claire Dietrich, and Jenny Raskin. Miss Representation. Prod. Jennifer S. Newsom. 22 Jan. 2011. Television.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Theory Comparrison

Write 550- to 750 Provide a formal definition for ethics with citations, references etc. Describe the differences between theories Describe the similarities between each theory Describe how each theory addresses ethics and morality Tell me based on your own morals and ethics, which theories do you think you most closely follow in your life (there is no right or wrong answer) Ethics is the science of right and wrong in human action. (Boylan, 2009). Many theories exist that explores how people come to what they believe is the right or wrong decision.A few examples include virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology. Virtue ethics’ position is that we become good when we cultivate excellence (virtue) by pursuing the moderate course between excess and defect. (Boylan, 2009, p. 133) This basically means that this theory considers how humans should interact with each other meaning that there is a right way and a wrong way. Utilitarianism suggests that an action is morally right wh en that action produces more total utility for the group as a consequence than any other alternative does (Boylan, 2009, p. 53) Those who practice utilitarianism take into consideration all of the consequences and each action. Utilitarianism can be divided into two theories; act and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism is the interpretation of utilitarianism that says that each moral situation should be subjected to the utilitarian formula â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number. † (Boylan, 2009, p. 164) This idea of ethical decision making seems to be the least emotional due to the fact that it is pure numbers in the equation. This might hurt one person but more people will benefit from it.Rule utilitarianism says that each moral situation should be guided first by prima facie rules (that themselves are justified by utilitarianism). Thus, the agent assesses a situation on act utilitarian principles but within a framework of prima facie rules that can override appa rent act-utilitarian outcomes. (Boylan, 2009, p. 164) Unlike, act utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism considers injustices of an individual for the greater good whereas act utilitarianism does not. Deontology is the moral theory that suggests that an agent’s duty is based upon principle.The theory bases its duties on the nature of human reason or on the nature of human action. It asserts the existence of moral facts and so is a moral realist theory. (Boylan, 2009, p. 171) This idea goes along with the notion that each person has a built in moral code. A person will do the right thing even though they know there will consequences. There are similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. Each theory has it’s own ideas regarding ethics and morality regarding the individual and society.Consequences and benefits differ with each theory. Virtue theory states that humans have virtues for the sake of what is good and right and the se virtues are the supreme human good. Virtues drive our tendencies for behavior and control how we feel and interpet things. Living a good life is living a virtuous life within society. A person’s actions are the direct results and reflection of an individual’s morals and virtues. Utilitarian theory is concerned with the maximum benefit or good for the greatest number of people.The outcome with the greatest benefits for greatest numbers is always the desired result. However, the greatest good for the majority should not come at the expense of harming the minority. The minority may have to endure some individual sacrifice so that the greatest numbers in society can realize the greatest good. Deontology is concerned with the meaning behind ethical decisions and conduct instead of end results or outcome. It looks at how an individual is obligated to act in terms of right and wrong conduct.It is the individual’s duty and obligation to follow the law and it is accep table to harm some people for the greater good and benefit. Utilitarian theory is less concerned with the individual because all that matters is an outcome the benefits the most people. It focuses more on actions of the majority to create the greatest good and outcome. However, there is always a minority and those people will not always benefit under this system. The majority needs to have good values and morals for society to flourish and benefit. Virtue and deontology theories have more focus on the individual and.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Family in Europe History Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Family in Europe History - Coursework Example This set up the family as a father and mother in a monogamous and permanent relationship living with children who obeyed them and respected them until marriage, at which time they owed greatest devotion to their spouse but were still expected to honor their elders. Secular ideals were ruled more by the detrimental effects of wars and disease that had decimated the population during the middle ages. There was great concern that families would die out altogether and thus an increasing urge for extended families to remain together along patrilineal lines. The line of succession from father to sons had been widely adopted by this point in time and family wealth was beginning to be either taken up by greater lords as a means of funding their numerous wars or divided up among numerous sons born as a means of trying to circumvent fate and assure the bloodline survived. As a result of this, it was urged that brothers should live together. This way, the wealth could remain concentrated in one spot, as in falling to the oldest son of the line following the father’s death, while still supporting younger sons who may be required later to secure the family tree. While this didn’t normally occur, it did place a great deal more emphasis on the extended family and the importance of close family relationships. The rules of marriage included the idea that men could not marry the widows of their older brothers and they could not marry sisters either at the same time (bigamy) or in sequential order, such as when one sister died. Widows of the household were forced to leave in order to find a new husband or had to be content to remain a widow. She could not marry her step-son, which was often practiced prior to this law as a means of keeping her on the estate. Exogamy was an attempt to assure that only one married couple lived in a location at a time, increasing the chances that young men, even poor young men, would

Friday, September 27, 2019

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Comparison - Essay Example have a wider scope than the question in the study by Potter. The question in the study by Colbert et al. relates to personality and leadership while the inferred question in Potter’s study narrows down to emotional aspects of personality and leadership within educational set ups. University students at Masters and undergraduate levels formed the population in the study by Colbert et al. Stratified sampling strategy was used to sample 80 Masters students, in leadership and personal development program, and 98 undergraduate students in a preliminary management course. Random approach was also used in assigning participants to groups. Population sample in the study by Potter was however general. Sampling strategy identified two groups, leaders and non leaders, and this suggest application of stratified sampling, as was applied in the study by Colbert et al. Sample size in the study by Potter was however small, incorporating only eight participants, four leaders and four non leaders (Colbert et al., 2012; Potter, 2011). Colbert et al. sought to investigate the hypothesis that self-rating and observer rating offer a better measure of the relationship between personality and leadership and results support the hypothesis. With relationships between leadership and personality traits evaluated using both self rating and observer ratings, the study identified extraversion under observer rating as the most significant personality trait in explaining differences in leadership. Openness to the experience, under self-evaluation, and openness to experience, based on observer ratings, then followed in significance to leadership. In addition, active participation in group discussions improved the relationship between personality traits and leadership. The results are based on different statistical analysis tools such as regression analysis, chi-squared test for independence, and representation rely on

Thursday, September 26, 2019

International business and economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International business and economy - Essay Example This memo outlines the top 3 such markets outside of the U.S., and discusses the cultural, political, economic, legal and technology issues that must be addressed in order to fully realize the sales potential offered the identified countries. Differences between a successful sales approach in these target countries versus such approaches in the U.S. will also be examined. Outside of the U.S., there are several regions with populations that are aging rapidly. Birth rates have fallen off substantially throughout much of the industrialized world in recent decades, resulting in graying societies that are becoming deeply concerned about the economic impact of ever increasing ranks of the retired supported by shrinking numbers of working age people. Arguably, these trends have been most pronounced in Europe and the Far East. Several countries, including Britain, Germany, Japan, China and Thailand have been cited by demographic experts as being on the cusp of a crisis brought on by the unprecedented shift of population toward the elderly. That "crisis" translates into business opportunity for PM Company through enhanced sales potential. The three countries that represent the greatest of this potential are Japan, China, and the European Union in general - Britain and Germany in particular. An aggressive move by PM into these markets today will reap substanti al financial benefits tomorrow. Japan Japan is, without a doubt, the highest priority overseas market for PM Company's product line. Recently published government data showed that "the share of elderly people aged 65 or older in Japan's total population became the highest in the world while the rate of youth aged 14 or younger fell to the lowest, an indication of the relatively rapid aging of its population" ("Elderly Population Share," 2006). Japan's elderly population is nearly 27 million, about 21% of that country's total population. Japan reported in June of 2006 that they "surpassed Italy as the world's most elderly nation" (Coleman, 2006). The Kiplinger Letter maintains that "An aging Japanese population will demand more medical goods than the domestic industry can produce" ("Companies that export," 2006). These factors suggest Japan is an enormous untapped market for walkers, wheelchairs and related equipment. Combine the shear volume of potential customers with the strength and vitality of the Japanese economy, its democratic political system, and its Post World War II tradition of close business ties with U.S. companies, and the stage is set for a phenomenal boost in PM Company's sales driven by the Japanese market. As promising as this market is, there certainly are some cultural obstacles that will need to be overcome when trying to break into this market. Japan, like many other Far Eastern countries, has built a society on the notion of suppressing individualism in favor of the good of the group. That culture has carried over to the business world, where the Japanese will tend to be governed less by individual aspiration than by promoting the success of their companies and organizations. As the company seeks to expand its sales force into Japan, it needs to be aware of the potential distinction between how U.S. salespeople and those in Japan might best be motivated. For purposes of selling mobility products to elderly and disabled people in Japan, it is also helpful to be aware of the

CJUS 330 Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CJUS 330 Book Review - Essay Example The so called â€Å"liberalized† people have foregone the cultures and traditions of the American society and embraced new ways of living. For instance, gay marriages, pornography, abortion, and radical feminism have come to be accepted in the American society. Such actions are fuelled by an American Supreme Court that has lost faith in the norms of the society and continues to make decisions that will end up destroying the society. The author maintains that there is a faction of Americans who still believe in their traditions of low taxes, purity of marriage, justice, and the rule of law. However, this faction is ignored and the judges of the Supreme Court make rulings on cases based on what suits them (the judges) best. Robertson (2004) categorically states that the past fifty years have seen the Supreme Court in America become radicalized; resulting in the distortion of the very justice, law, and order the court is meant to uphold. In my opinion, the book is very engaging as the author takes us through the foundations of the American constitution. The author gives us an insight of what the framers of the constitution had in mind when they decided that the government should have three arms. According to Robertson (2004) the role of the judiciary is to interpret laws without being influenced by either the legislature or the judiciary. Today, however, decisions made by the Supreme Court are based on the political will of the government, with complete disregard for the ordinary citizen. The author gives many examples of how the Supreme Court has disregarded American culture in most of its rulings. There are examples in the book about how the Supreme Court voted for the exclusion of the phrase â€Å"under God† in the Pledge, though polls showed most Americans wanted the phrase to remain. Cases of rulings in favor of gay relationships and internet pornography are also used by the author to justify his claims about a wayward Supreme Court (Robertson,

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Formal systematic learning is of less important than informl learning Term Paper

Formal systematic learning is of less important than informl learning. Discuss this statement with reference to theories of learning - Term Paper Example In relation to standard typology, there is a need to gain more understanding of intended learning not separately, but in connection to others. The role played by informal learning and tacit knowledge in organizations is widely acknowledged but insufficiently understood. It is one of the core premises of adult learning that adults resort to life experience to beneficial outcome in learning or training programs (Smith & Defrates-densch 2008). There is sparse previous empirical evidence regarding how this occurs, and none of which puts emphasis on tacit knowledge use and its role in the learning mechanisms and outcomes in shifting between contexts over time (Smith & Defrates-densch 2008). The need for broader recognition of skills and knowledge through informal learning is only one aspect of a debate focused on the characteristic of the purported knowledge-based economy and the ways whereby the knowledge involved is organized and applied (Moon 2004). The current debate has been intensified by economists and labor market scholars, generating new potentials for interdisciplinary engagement with learning scholars and social/educ ational specialists in attempting to understand more what it is that really makes up the knowledge-based economy and the position of informal learning in this context (Rainbird & Munro 2004). Informal learning includes accidental learning in the workplace and in areas of endeavors outside the formal economy. It may also involve intended and explicit frameworks of learning performed in any of these contexts which are not acknowledged within the system of formal education and training (Bratton, Mills, & Pyrch 2003). Informal learning has well-built tacit domains. The explicit is easily collected, organized, and communicated to others whereas the tacit is personal, subjective and experiential, and considerably harder to communicate (Evans, Hodkinson, & Unwin 2002). This paper argues

Monday, September 23, 2019

Whatever Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whatever - Essay Example I am of the view that my ethical theory is a manifestation of who I am and what I want to do in this world with the changing times. I am sure that my ethical theory is a good one because it covers quite a many issues and practically encompasses the strengths and weaknesses that exist within my fore. There is a great amount of learning that is required within my ethical theory which is something good that is proactively happening. This ethical theory is indeed created by my own self as I am the sole owner and hence can change it as and when required. What I have found out with the passage of time is the fact that my ethical theory is dependent on how well I shape up value for my own self and the people who are around me from time to time (Anscombe, 1958). This ethical theory is the basis of providing me happiness whenever I am down and when I need to seek new things within my life domains. It makes me contented with what I have learned thus far and what I aim to explore with the passage of time. The normative ethics that surround my basis have given me an ideology of my own. It has made me realize where I have been wrong and what I can do once I set my eyes on something big. I am sure that with proper incorporation of efforts and endeavors on my part, I will be able to achieve the goals and objectives which are tied up with the ethical theory that I have devised for myself. As far as the future domains are concerned, I am glad that I have made the right decision as far as implementing it within my fore. It has put me in a better league than many others who exist in the society and who seek to learn new things on a regular basis. In the end, I will suggest that my ethical theory is complete from all angles and sides yet there is always room for improvements and enhancements which shall continue on a consistent basis. It has made me feel successful as far as dealing with other people is related, and put me head and shoulders above the

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Banking Industry in Recession Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Banking Industry in Recession - Coursework Example Since that time, concerned officials have been attempting to come up with solutions to the difficulties that the banking industry as well as the global financial system is facing. The banking industry has also been going through a process of reformation lasting over two decades. Market liberalisation, as well as the induction of latest information technologies led to a strong trade growth resulting in several mergers and acquisitions in addition to off shoring potential. Seeing the trends of previous years, reformation in financial institutions is persistent. Reducing the consequences of this recession has been easier for nations and workplaces with well-built channel of communication (Downey, p. 94, 2011). The recession started several mutual projects of social associates. During the year 2009, 93 percent of the companies within the banking industry initiated joint bargaining against an average of 84 percent within other industries. Another consideration within the banking industry is that a works council covers 97 percent of companies that have more than 50 workers. Markets will have to go through a period of reformation to consider the facts of the impact of recession. Bank liquidity is currently known as being a lot more significant within the banking concept than in the previous years, when banks gave unsatisfactory attention to the need to expand financing sources. Market participants should become responsive to the changing wave within the banking industry as well as adjust their policy and approach consequently. A need for stronger guideline is predictable as an increase in guideline is the rational outcome of a recession. Now, there is only the aim to inflict more guidelines on the banking industry although its precise form is not as confirmed yet. The most competent approach would be for the United States as well as for the European Union to synchronize their course of action; or else, â€Å"banks will concentrate operations in the jurisdiction with the least restrictive regime† (McLean, p. 36, 2010). In the initial instance, the market requires to stay away from the development of another ‘Shadow Banking system’. Moving ahead, one can look ahead to that any organization that takes influential positions within financial instruments will be positioned under the control of the state supervisory body. Any business or legal entity that operates like a bank or operates like a channel for a bank will be put through the regulatory system. Barclays resisted the financial recession by declaring solid returns; regardless of the banking industry recession, Barclays made pre-tax returns of ? 1.6 billion during the last quarter in the year 2009. This takes its earnings of the same year to ? 4,646 - 18 percent less than a year ago - because of ? 5.9 billion of bad debts (McLean, p. 36, 2010). However, while Barclay's United Kingdom retail section witnessed returns tumble, its investment as well as commercial banking divisi on goes on to do well. Moreover, with the profits from the sale of its International Shareholders division still to come, Britain's second largest bank seems to heading in the right direction for a record-breaking year.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

People Who Change the World Essay Example for Free

People Who Change the World Essay Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Transkei, South Africa and became actively involved in the anti-apartheid movement in his 20s, Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1942. For 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, non-violent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. In 1939, Mandela enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare, the only residential center of higher learning for blacks in South Africa at the time. Fort Hare was considered Africas equivalent of Oxford or Harvard, drawing scholars from all parts of sub-Sahara Africa. In his first year at the university, Mandela took the required courses, but focused on Roman Dutch law to prepare for a career in civil service as an interpreter or clerk—regarded as the best profession a black man could obtain at the time. In his second year at Fort Hare, Mandela was elected to the Student Representative Council. For some time, students had been dissatisfied with the food and lack of power held by the SRC. During this election, a majority of students voted to boycott unless their demands were met. Joining with the majority of students , Mandela resigned from his position. Seeing this as an act of insubordination, the universitys Dr. Kerr expelled Mandela for the rest of the year, but gave him an ultimatum: He could return if he agreed to serve on the SRC. When Mandela returned home, the regent was furious, telling Mandela unequivocally that he would have to recant his decision and go back to school in the fall. A few weeks after Nelson Mandelas return home, Regent Jongintaba announced that he had arranged a marriage for his adopted son. The regent wanted to make sure that Mandelas life was properly planned, and the arrangement was within his right, as tribal custom dictated. Shocked by the news andf feeling trapped and believing he had no other option, Mandela ran away from home. He settled in Johannesburg, where he worked a different of jobs, including as a guard and a clerk, while completing his bachelors degree via correspondence courses. He then enrolled at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg to study law. Mandela soon became actively involved in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress in 1942. Within the ANC, a small group of young Africans banded together, calling themselves the African National Congress Youth League. Their goal was to transform the ANC into a mass grassroots movement, deriving strength from millions of rural poor and working people who had no voice under the current regime. Specifically, the group believed that the ANCs old tactics of polite petitioning were ineffective. In 1949, the ANC officially adopted the Youth Leagues methods of boycott, strike, civil disobedience and non-cooperation, with policy goals of full citizenship, redistribution of land, trade union rights, and free and compulsory (Required by law or a rule; obligatory.) education for all children. For 20 years, Mandela directed peaceful, nonviolent acts of defiance against the South African government and its racist policies, including the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He founded the law firm Mandela and Tambo, partnering with Oliver Tambo, a brilliant student hed met while attending Fort Hare. The law firm provided free and low-cost legal counsel to unrepresented blacks. In 1956, Mandela and 150 others were arrested and charged with treason for their political advocacy (they were eventually acquitted). Meanwhile, the ANC was being challenged by Africanists, a new breed of black activists who believed that the pacifist method of the ANC was ineffective. Africanists soon broke away to form the Pan-Africanist Congress, which negatively affected the ANC; by 1959, the movement had lost much of its militant support. Nelson mandela fought for what he believeed in and changed the lives of many south african people at the cost of his life (reffering to the many years in jail.) Mandela change things that probaly still been in affect on if he hadnt.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Nursing Shortage in the United States

Nursing Shortage in the United States NURSING LABOUR FORCE IN THE U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Abstract The well-anticipated demographic change attributed to the ageing of the baby boomer population in the USA will led to a significant demand on the healthcare industry in the long run. Important resources such as the nurse work force will be required to provide quality health care services to the population. This research paper will provide a brief description and statistics of the nurse labor force in the USA, the educational requirement needed to be a nurse, the challenges face by the nurses in the healthcare system. The last part of the paper identifies the nursing shortage and the solutions for the short and long run, the recommendations and finally, the conclusion. LABOR FORCE IN THE U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM The healthcare system in America is a complex and unique setting comparing to the other 34 countries in the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). In 2016, The United States spent $3.3 trillion on health care benefits, or 10,348 per person annually, which represents17.9 % of the total GDP and remained at top of all OECD countries for the healthcare expenditures. About 30% of the cost was spent on hospital care, 20% on physician and clinical services, 10% on prescription drugs and 5% on nursing care. However, the life expectancy is 78.6 years which ranked 22nd of the OECD countries (Medicare & Services, 2015). Meanwhile, problems such as growing population, aging and shortage of physicians and nurses are causing the increasing demand for healthcare benefits (Levit & Patlak, 2009). In 2016, there were 5,534 registered hospitals including 4,840 community hospitals in the U.S, most of the healthcare facilities are owned by private companies and 60% of the community hospitals are non-for-profit organizations, 20% are for-profit and 20% are owned by government. In U.S, the most value of healthcare system in America is the health professional, also considered as health providers (AHA, 2018). THE NURSING WORKFORCE According to U.S Bureau of Labor (2018), the total labor force was around 160 million. Nurses are playing an important role in the healthcare system. Nursing demographic consists of: 1.5 million certified nursing assistant (CNA), which represents about 1% of the U.S labor force who are responsible supporting patients’ daily activities such as taking vital signs, dispensing prescribed medications, bathing and transporting patients. Certified nursing assistant is concerned as nursing assistant as general or patient care assistant. CNA is like medical assistants that both assist physicians, nurses and such healthcare providers. Usually, CNAs are assigned in an inpatient hospital and residential facilities such as nursing home and day care centers. Till 2016, the average salary for CNA was $26,590 while VA hospitals might offer better salary, around $37,450. Alaska pays the highest average salary which was $17.81/hour while it was $11.6/ hour in West Virginia. In fact, the market expected the demand for CNAs would increase about 11% during 2014 to 2024. 738,000 licensed practical nurse (LPN), which represents about 0.5% of U.S labor force, who are responsible for administering injections, surgical preparation and communication between patients and physicians. LPNs also do assistant works such as recording and maintaining communication with patients, registered nurses and physicians. LPNs are directly assigned to take care of patients that keep patients comfortable. Sometime, LPNs are assigned to take blood pressure, insert catheters and such activities. LPNs usually work in hospitals, nursing homes, doctor’s offices and any healthcare facilities. In fact, LPNs are the direct contact between patients and physician that they are responsible for keep patients’ knowledge about treatment and procedures. The average salary for an LPN was $44,000 and the number is expected to increase. Connecticut state pays the highest average salary which was 24.30/ hour, comparing to the lowest paying state West Virginia with $14.25/ hour or $29,640 per year. 3 million registered nurse (RN), which represents the largest group of all types of nu rse and 1.9% of U.S labor force, who are qualified with license to make nursing diagnoses and work as a supervisor of CNAs and LPNs. RNs work with physician and healthcare teams to improve healthcare quality and treatment quality. RNs also educate patients for their health conditions and support patients and their family members on further living. Since it is the largest group, the competition is fierce. Depending on the specialty, education and experience, the average salary was around $70,000 in 2015. Some hospitals might offer better payment to $100,000. California owns the largest number of RNs, which was around 300,000 and it pays the highest salary in America, which was $98,400 on average. The market expected a 16% increase of RNs from 2014 to 2024.151,000 advanced registered nurse practitioner (ARNP), who received additional education with master’s degree or post graduate degree and additional medical experience. ARNPs work as clinical nurse specialist and nurse anesth etists that they are certified to diagnose, prescribe medication and therapy, provide treatment and counsel to patients. ARNPs are specify into multiple types such as acute care, nursing information, nurse administrator, travel nursing, family nursing, psychiatric nurse, neonatal nurse and pediatric nurse. The average wages for ARNPs was $95,000 or $46.40/ hour. During the first decade of 21st century, the job opportunities in the healthcare segment of United States grew with a pace of 20% while, in all other segments of the industries nationwide, the same growth was merely 3%. The growth rate has boomed in the US healthcare market, demanding for more and more registered nurses and nursing professionals in the current decade as well. These opportunities have created various job profiles so far in the evolving hospital settings. New hospitals and home care-based jobs are also emerging rapidly. â€Å"It is anticipated that the rate of employment in the health care sector will grow faster than the rate of employment in all other sectors between 2014 and 2024, with projected increases of nearly 22% and 5%, respectively. Other service sectors are projected to grow by about 8% during the same time period .†Ã‚  (Martiniano, Chorost, & Moore, 2017). Currently there are more than six million of the staff available across states in the healthcare settings for RNs and NPs working in various administrative positions in United States. The growth rate is also having positive rays of hopes in terms of having future job employments because of the fact that between 2014 to 2024, it is estimated that the home care based jobs are expected to increase by 60% while jobs in the offices of the healthcare practitioners are also said to have the increase of 25% because as of now, there are more than 4 million of jobs that are available in the same position—the job positions are subjected to be vacant and filled at the same time, depending on the conditions of the nurses who are employed and leave their jobs due to unforeseen conditions (Martiniano et al., 2017). Researches showed that there would be a 1 million shortage of RN in 2020 because of the dropping economic situation in America. In fact, the shortage has been ongoing since 1998 that it has been always a lack of supply. The supply was higher than the increase of demand. There were several reasons behind the shortage. Ageing of nurses might be the most concerned issue in recent that many nursing practitioners are getting older. Since 2012, the 50-60 year-age group represented the largest group on RNs and these group is expected to retire before 2025 but they are the ones who are the most experienced for taking care of patients (Levit & Patlak, 2009).   The U.S government also supports foreign-born nurses in order to fill the gap between supply and demand. In 2008, international nurses represented 15% of the nursing workforce. One concern was the communication that international nurses might have problems on communicating with patients and doctors even thought they had passed the English language test such as TOEFL and IELTS. In fact, foreign-born nurses on average cost less than American born nurses and they contribute extra value on international patients (Levit & Patlak, 2009). NURSING PROFESSION’S QUALIFICATION With the expansion of the ACA, allowing more people access to health care and insurance coverage, and the aging of the population, which increases the nationwide rate of terminal illnesses such as heart failure and cancer, the demand for care is higher than ever and there prompts the big question of whether the current health care workforce can adequately meet that demand. To fill the obvious gap that will occur, non-physician providers will be needed. Potential candidates for the positions are no other than advanced trained nurse. In the1990s, funding for nursing education drew the attention of policymakers as people realized there would be substantial shortfalls of nurses in the next decades. Efforts to increase funding for nursing education have been intermingled with advocacy for increased emphasis on baccalaureate entry-level education. In the past, many RNS were educated in hospital-based diploma programs, but most of these programs has been converted to associate or bachelor’s degree programs. The shift in nursing education from hospitals to universities marked the importance of the body of knowledge that the nursing profession should possesses. More essentially, it defined nursing as something much more than assistant to the physician. As an effort to alleviate a looming cycle of nursing shortage, community colleges and technical schools started offering nursing program in the 1970s. Since then, the nursing education has greatly evolved to better prepare their students for the ever-changing and challenging world of health care system. The two most common paths for people pursuing a nursing degree is either obtaining a 2-year associate degree (AND) or a 4-year baccalaureate program (BSN). Many community and technical colleges offer ADN programs and they are more attractive to prospective nurses because of their affordability and a shorter time period to finish. Graduates from the programs are qualified to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN). This type of program provides a solid foundation for entry-level nursing positions at a wide array of health-related establishments, including hospitals, primary care clinics, and nursing homes. In addition, nurses can later register for the RN-to-BSN bridge programs to obtain their BSN. The 4-year BSN, while more time consuming, opens up more opportunities for nursing students upon their graduation. BSN candidates receive intensive training not only in the clinical field, but also in leadership and communication skill. The goal is to provide more professional development to their students through a comprehensive curriculum that covers some of the most pressing issues within the profession, such as public health, social sciences, nursing research, and management and leadership. Most of nursing programs are not recommended to be taken online as they are hands-on profession. Averagely, nursing program costs $15,000 per academic year (Registered Nursing Degrees, 2018). In the 1990s, nurses once passed their board licensing received the same licenses and often hired to perform the same jobs. Their background education, whether they had an associate degree (ADN) or a baccalaureate degree in nursing (BSN), did not differentiate the task they performed in any health care facility. While the practices and educational differences between ADN and BSN were proven to exist, there was a general but often weak correlation in patient outcomes based on the initial education preparation of the RN providing the care (Kovner & Schore, 1998). A meta-analysis done in 1988 by Joyce Johnson pointed out that BSN RNs attained higher scores in the field of communication, problem solving, and professional role when compared with AND RNs. Contrariwise, these associations decreased when experience was taken into account, and no distinguishing result existed in measuring level of leadership and autonomy between BSN and ADN RNs.  Time has changed and so as the complexity of the health care system. The role expectations and educational outcome differences for ADN and BSN has been more clarified. Although the health care system required nurses prepared at both levels of education, the graduates of these programs hold different competencies and should be valued for those differences (N/A, 1995). A study done in 2003 further proved this notion by showing the connection between higher levels of nursing human capital and improvement in patient outcomes – a 10 percent increase in nurses with baccalaureate degree yielded a 5 percent decrease in patient mortality and complications (Kutney-Lee, Sloane, & Aiken, 2013). This clarification in the roles of ADN and BSN nurses are vital to the delivery of high quality care and require the restructure of their education curriculum as well as validation in the systems in which these graduates are employed.      ISSUES IN THE NURSING LABOR FORCE Like many other health care professional, the nursing workforce has many problematic areas that need to be resolved. One of the most pressing one is the shortage in labor force. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) since its enactment in March, 2010, has successfully provided insurance coverage for around 19.2 million people and dropped the number of uninsured population from 20.5 percent to 12.2 percent in 2016 (Garrett & Gangopadhyaya, 2016). This influx of new patients has driven up the demand for nurses with the U.S. Department of health and Human Services projected a shortfall of over one million nurses by 2020 (DHHR, Resources, Workforce, & Analysis, 2017). However, the current state of the workforce is gradually depreciated due to several factors. The aging baby boomer nurses reaching their retirement ages contributes as the first factor in this shortage crisis. This aging workforce has been dealing with increasing pressure due to higher work demand resulted fr om nursing shortages, and their health suffers tremendously with a significant higher number of senior nurses experiencing chronic pain, tiredness, and exhaustion among the group (Gabrielle, Mannix, & Jackson, 2008). An obvious fix to this problem is to increase the number of qualified nurses in the labor market through nursing school recruitment campaign. Unfortunately, the majority of nursing schools nationwide do not have the capacity to accept new candidates due to a lack of faculty, budget constraints and limited clinical sites for students to practice. While all schools reported reaching their full capacity and even going over their students limit each year, many applicants got rejected, with 78 percent of ADN applicants and 62 percent of BSN candidates, all of them had qualified credentials, were turned away from nursing school in 2016 (Nursing, 2016). This would directly reduce the chance to generate enough nursing graduates to meet the upcoming demands facing the health car e industry. Beside the restricted nursing enrollment rate, health care providers only preferred nurses who already had several years of experience and turned down many potential applicants only because they newly graduated. Another realistic alternative to fill the gap in nursing staff is by hiring foreign-educated nurses. However this solution is poorly received since it stirs up concerns regarding the level of competency of nurses trained outside the U.S. and immigration issues (Williams, 2014). A shortage of nurse will ultimately lead to a change of nurse staffing pattern in care centers, with one nurse tending for more patients. A study by Cummings and Estabrooks (2003) pointed out the negative effects the change in nurse staffing patterns had brought upon the remaining nursing staffs’ health and their competency to provide quality care. Other research literature also reported imbalance nurse staffing pattern can drive up the rate of preventable medical errors and adverse events (e.g. hospital-acquired pressure ulcers, wrong blood transfusion) (Cho, Ketefian, Barkauskas, & Smith, 2003). The predominant effects of hospital restructuring on nurses are mostly negative with a decrease in efficacy and ability to provide quality care, reduction in job satisfaction, and disparity in teamwork among care providers, which resulted in an increase in turnover rate. Cost containment initiatives in many health care establishment can also further deplete the nursing workforce. The U.S. health care expenditure has skyrocketed over the past decade and accounted for 17.9 percent in the overall share of gross domestic product (GDP) and more than $10,000 per capita in 2016 (Llanos & Rothstein, 2007) (CMS, 2016). Regardless, the U.S. index for health care outcomes such as life expectancy, maternal mortality, child and infant mortality are far behind other OECD nations (Institute of Medicine, 2007). As a result, several health reform programs were introduced in an attempt to increase access-to-care for the population, reduce the health care cost, and improve the quality of health care. The implementation of these pilot programs put tremendous pressure on health care providers and organizations to contain their cost while maintaining optimum treatment to their patients. Many care facilities decided to restructure their workforce by decreasing the overall labor pool. As one of the largest personnel group in the health care workforce and oftentimes claimed for the largest piece of the hospital budget pie, approximately 33 percent of hospital operation cost (Walston, Burns, & Kimberly, 2000), nursing positions were the primary target for cost-containment strategies in many organization. The result was an increase in substitution for lower credential nursing position, such as Licensed Practical Nurse which only required two years of associate degrees, or even unlicensed personnel like patient-care technicians. This shift in work force in the 1990s, however, had driven up the rate of medication errors, patient injuries and infection (Kunen, 2001). To better adapt to the ever changing environment of health care bureaucracy and population health priorities with finite capital and human resources, all health-related establishments should develop strategies with emphasis in organization and culture restructure that has positive impact on the outcomes of patients and nurses. Beside financial incentives, political advocacy from both the federal and state government, as well as professional opinion and standard setting can further make changes to the recruitment and retention of qualified nurse workforce. THE GOVERNMENT’S EFFORT IN SOLVING THE ISSUE OF NURSE SUPPLY One of the problems the healthcare system in the U.S. is facing is that of shortage of nurses. Some factors which contribute to this shortage is the fact that women have more options in choosing their career path in society today when compared to the past. From an economic point of view, this problem of shortage is cause more by the supply side rather than the demand side thus, making it a more complex shortage (B. & J.I., 2001). This shortage of nurses might worsen in the long run if the government do not develop and implement solutions to solve this problem. Some economic solutions where developed in the past to help solve this problem such as relocation coverage, new premium packages and sign on bonuses; however, they were all short-term solutions which helped in redistributing the supply of nurses instead of increasing it (B. & J.I., 2001). Due to the shortage of nurses in the healthcare system, the government has developed and implemented solutions which will be examined below. The government is trying to recruit more students and educators in the nursing field to combat with the increasing demand in the workforce. For some years now, recruitment of students in the school of nursing has been declining. According to the American Association of College of Nursing, the number of nursing students who enrolled in the bachelor’s degree program had been declining in the past five years (Larson, 2016). In 1999, the number of nursing students felt by 4.6% nationwide. Nursing master program also suffered the same fate with a decline of 1.9% in some states (Larson, 2016). To better utilize the current aging workforce, healthcare circles decided to recruit the old and retired practicing nurses who can no longer administer treatment to the growing population and appointed teaching positions to them in nursing schools. They came to a conclusion that this ageing nurse’s will better teach the students as they are teaching out of experienced and it is said exp erienced is the best teacher (Johnson et al., 2006). Practice and experience are two important factors that teachers most acquired in order to teach students effectively. Also, in San Diego, six hospitals donated $ 1.3 million to support a program known as â€Å"Nurses Now†, which will be an opportunity to add faculty members and additional nursing students in the San Diego University (Costantini, 2016). Moreover, in order to support students to do nursing, the Texas hospital donated $ 425,000 in scholarships to local students to do their bachelor’s degree program in nursing. Moreover, in New Jersey the Board of Free holders donated scholarships to local students who accepted to work in the long term care facility in the USA (Costantini, 2016). These are examples of some successful collaborative efforts between healthcare organizations, nursing schools and the USA government to help solved the problem of nursing shortage in the USA. Moreover, in order to solve to problem of shortage, hospitals are re-implementing intensive training programs for nurses in various specialities. This has gone a long way to retain nurses who are seeking for a transfer and has also help build a vocation development path for nursing staff. A research that has been done on Magnet hospitals indicate that some of the organizational characteristics that create a centre of attention and retain nurses are professional practice models for delivery of healthcare with independence and responsibility to make decisions (B. & J.I., 2001). Moreover, effective managerial structure, quality patient services and investment in nurses’ professional development in the healthcare system are very necessary and important. Nurses must be involved in developing and implementing the practice of care in hospitals since they are very close to patients. Some of this practise includes; participating in the financial management of the hospital and developin g new strategies in hospitals. If healthcare leaders developed intensive programs for nurses in each specialities, it will motivate them to realize that they are very important in the healthcare system thus, encouraging them to remain in their various specialities in nursing. Furthermore, healthcare leaders need to developed models of care in order to solve the problem of nurses shortage in the USA, the government need to implement regulatory and policy issues (Johnson et al., 2006). Some regulatory and policy problems could also cause the nursing shortage such as federal and state laws, licensure and nursing practice act, and requirements from reimbursement organizations, private organization and the government (Johnson et al., 2006). Inside an organization, insistent process developments initiatives can assist standardize and simplify documentation. Healthcare leaders should drive this problem with some consultation from some internal experts in reimbursement, patient documentation and risk management. Furthermore, nursing trainers should use technology as one of the training tool.  Although most of the section in nursing learning is clinical experience, most of the classroom teaching can be done through the new technology we have today such as internet teaching, distance education, and accelerated educational programs.  As the healthcare of patients become more associated to technological improvement, routine nursing performance can drilled by utilizing the same technology. Technology improvement could also be use to test and certified nursing educators (Larson, 2016). All these new methods of teaching nurses through technology advancement will motivate younger adults who like using the internet and other forms of technology to learn to join the nursing field thus, helping to solve the problem of nursing shortage. In addition, to help solve the problem of nurse shortage in the USA, healthcare leaders should concentrate on training our own nursing and retaining them from traveling to other countries such as Canada. One good approach to solve this problem is to employ bachelors and masters students who are already in the faculty programs and provide them with qualified training and prepared them as well-trained nurses to be employ in the nursing field (Buchan & Aiken, 2008). Guidance into the clinical faculty is one of the best in this context, and this will improve nursing student’s capacity to do their work in the nursing field efficiently. The main idea is to guide them to grow into the nursing profession and eventually make nursing their profession of choice. This strategy will work well to the nursing field advantage because, it will encourage students to choose nursing as a career thus, increasing the number of nurses for the future. To continue, to solve the problem of nursing shortage in the USA, the government should augment the supply of nurses by using tax credit. For example, three bills where pass to permit the creation of refundable tax credit for all register nurses (Johnson, Posner, Biermann & Cordero, 2006). This is a positive impact that would have help retain nurses in the profession and it will also help to increase their salaries. Moreover, it will motivate them to maintain their various positions in hospitals thus, working positively in reducing the problem of nurse shortage in the USA. More so, in order to solve the problem of nursing shortage in the USA, hospital managers should offer bonuses to nurses who accept and sign up to work in that hospital for a long period of time. For example, in St. Paul hospital in Minnesota, the hospital leaders are giving out bonuses of about $8,000-$10,000 to nurses with essential care experience who have sign up to work in the hospital for a long period (Larson, 2016). This strategy has help St. Paul hospital to keep most of it nurses. If more hospitals could adopt this method, it will help solve the problem of nurse’s shortage in the USA. Moreover, in order to solve the problem of nurse shortage in the USA, the government need to increase the salaries of nurses. The work load of nurse’s especially register nurses is much as they are the ones who spend most of the time taking care of patients (B. & J.I., 2001). Most of them leave the nursing field because they are not well pay for the work they do and most of the time, some are not pay for the extra work they do. In order to solve this problem, the USA government has increased the salary of nurses for example in California; the salary of register nurses went up to $94, 120 per year (B. & J.I., 2001). This has motivated many people to join the nursing field. According to experts’ projections from the Bureau of Labour Statistics, by 2022, the nursing field will experience an increase in the number of register nurses of about 526,800 (B. & J.I., 2001). This is a good sign for the healthcare field for the future – absolutely a field with good prospects . ALTERNATIVES FOR THE SHORTAGE IN NURSING SUPPY Nurses form an essential part of the working force in the healthcare system in the USA and the great role they play cannot be ignored. This explain why the USA government, over the years have been trying to solve the problems nurses are facing in the healthcare system in order to motivate more people to join the nursing field. Due to all this, some recommendations are made to help improve the nursing working force. One of the recommendations is that, healthcare leaders should change consumers’ knowledge of healthcare services. Most patients like meeting register nurse for them to take care of them whereas; they are other nurses in the hospital who can take care of them better. Healthcare leaders’ need to change this perception some patients have concerning the choice of nurses. More so, some patients believe that nurses who are well paid do the work better than nurses who are less pay. That is why patients keep traveling from one state to another in order to seek for hospitals where nurses are been well pay. For example, most Americans travel to big states such as California in order to receive treatment from physicians and nurses. This believes is not good because it creates nurses shortage in big states compare to small states (Costantini, 2016). The USA government should develop and implement public health programs that will help educate the population on how to prevent certain illnesses. This will help reduced the number of people who get sick, thus reducing the number of patients, nurses have to take care of. People should do more of physical activities and eat healthy in order to avoid unnecessary illnesses which could be avoided by doing this. Also, the population should be sensitize about the problem of nursing shortage in the country. This will motivate them to take good care of themselves in order to avoid falling sick. Based on the execution of these recommendations, it will assist to achieve healthy people 2020 objectives. These recommendations are strategic plans that can be utilize by the government, people, private and public health providers and communities to improve the health of the population thus making the USA government to achieve its goal of healthy people 2020. CONCLUSION Nurses play a very significant role in providing medical treatment to patients and they also help to re-enforce the physician’s shortage labour force in the USA. Many health care organizations can not do with out nurses as they play a significant role. If the shortage of nurses worsens, many patients will no longer have access to care thus, creating a huge problem in the country. The USA government need to take the problem of nursing shortage in the country very serious as the baby boomer nurses retirement will cause a serious shortage. With the fast growing population of America, as many immigrants are coming in, it is necessary for the USA government to attract more nurses into the health care system. It there is surplus of nurses in the country, it will help the government, Medicare & Medicaid and other health organizations contain healthcare cost which is very expensive. It will also increase quality and access to medical care. REFERENCES B., N., & J.I., E. (2001). The nursing shortage: solutions for the short and long term. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 6(1), 4. Cho, S.-H., Ketefian, S., Barkauskas, V. H., & Smith, D. G. (2003). The effects of nurse staffing on adverse events, morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. Nursing Research, 52(2). CMS. (2016). National Health Expenditure Data. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet.html Costantini, S. D. (2016). Challenged by a Nursing Shortage? Consider These Short-Term Solutions and Long-Term Strategies. Avant Healthcare. Retrieved from https://avanthealthcare.com/nursing-shortage-solutions-strategies/ Cummings, G., & Estabrooks, C. A. (2003). The effects of hospital restructuring that included layoffs on individual nurses who remained employed: a systematic review of impact. Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 8(9). DHHR, Resources, H., Workforce, B. o. H., & Analysis, N. C. f. H. W. (2017). Supply and Demand Projections of the Nursing Workforce: 2014-2030. HRSA Health Workforce. Gabrielle, S., Mannix, J., & Jackson, D. (2008). Older women nurses: Health, ageing concerns and self-care strategies. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(3). Garrett, B., & Gangopadhyaya, A. (2016). ACA Implementation Monitoring and Tracking. The Urban Institure, 19. Institute of Medicine, B. o. H. S. (2007). Rewarding Provider performance: Alligning incentives in Medicare. National Academies Press. Johnson, K., Posner, S. F., Biermann, J., Cordero, J. F., Atrash, H. K., Parker, C. S., . . . Curtis, M. G. (2006). Recommendations to Improve Preconception Health and Health Care United States Retrieved from Kovner, C. T., & Schore, J. (1998). Differentitated levels of nursing work force demand. Journal of Professional Nursing, 14(4), 11. Kunen, J. (2001). The New Hands-off Nursing. Kutney-Lee, A., Sloane, D. M., & Aiken, L. (2013). An Increase In The Number Of Nurses With Baccalaureate Degrees Is Linked To Lower Rates Of Postsurgery Mortality. National Institutes of Health, 32(3). Larson, J. (2016). Creating Solutions to the Nursing Shortage. Retrieved from https://www.americanmobile.com/nursezone/nursing-news/creating-solutions-to-the-nursing-shortage/ Levit, L., & Patlak, M. (2009). Ensuring quality cancer care through the oncology workforce: sustaining care in the 21st century: workshop summary: National Academies Press. Martiniano, R., Chorost, S., & Moore, J. (2017). Health Care Employment Projections, 2014-2024: An Analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Projections by Setting and by Occupation. March 2012. In. Medicare, C. f., & Services, M. (2015). National health expenditures 2012 highlights. Published August. N/A. (1995). A Model for Differentiated Nursing Practice. National Organization for Associate Degree Nursing American Association of Colleges of Nursing Nursing, N. L. f. (2016). Percent of Programs that Turned Away Qualified Applicants by Program Type, 2012 † 2016. In. Nln.org: National League for Nursing. Registered Nursing Degrees. (n.d.). Retrieved April 03, 2018, from https://www.allnursingschools.com/registered-nursing/degrees/ Walston, S. L., Burns, L. R., & Kimberly, J. R. (2000). Does reengineering really work? An examination of the context and outcomes of hospital reengineering initiatives. Health Services Research, 34(6). Williams, J. (2014). Implication of Foreign-Educated Nurses on United States Nursing Collegiality. Newyork: Springer Publishing Company.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Gym Observation Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples

Personal space, body language, and overall interaction between the participants in the gym was something that I hadn't paid enough attention to in the past, from the distance I could see that their interests. The intimate couples that I noticed in the gym seemed again sought to have created a private space for them by erecting invisible barriers through their private body language directed only at each other, resulting in considerable more space between these couples and other groups of people in the gym. It was a clear and present body language of please do not bother us attitude left a sense of diffused power that would be involved power relationships that operate without covert commands and requests. The dynamics of the couple was something that was very obvious, in that I was able to note the dominant and the submissive person. The person who had a tendency to meet the needs and the one who had the ability to be demanding. Gender roles, specifically within the intimate couple, were clearly observed and noted, the couple gave a snap shot by their behavior into how they functioned as a couple. When the female in the intimate relationship left for the restroom the guy in situation-spent time, cleaning and wiping down the equipment before she returned. He spent time making sure that the machine that she would be returning too was in adequate and working condition before her arrival. His role as the protector to her was clearly established in that his role was such that, to make sure she was fine overall. It is a strange sensation to watch two people who are clearly attracted to each other dance away at, the new T. I song as they work out together. I was left with the question of how they worked together ... ...hat the athletic groups tended to say together. What my eyes had missed so far is that this is a community that is very closely connected within the larger campus. These are people who share a bond that is clear and so very obvious, part of it, is that they play a sport but they all seem to share the same interest. When watching them it is too see people who are clearly involved in each other's lives, more like siblings that are very connected and concerned with each other. The eye contact I noticed was very intense and deep, to each other they wanted to see and make sure that the person being listened too knew that they were important and cared for. I only saw such looks when looking at other couples, or when I realized that Jim and I had caged ourselves in the corner to be alone at snack time.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Metaphysical Premises And Types Of Liberal Ideology: Liberalism As The End And Liberalism As The Way :: Politics

Metaphysical Premises And Types Of Liberal Ideology: Liberalism As The End And Liberalism As The Way ABSTRACT: The problem of choosing the way for our country unavoidably brings us to a discussion of the problem of liberalism. At first glance, this should not be a problem since liberal principles underlie Western society and are the basis of the modern world order. But this opinion is not shared by all intellectuals in Russia. First is the specificity of the Russian mentality, social consciousness and social life. The idea of 'Russia's own way' is much referred to by various political movements of pronounced nationalist color, but we have to study this idea at its deepest level rather than oversimplify reality. Yet even most thinkers who are oriented to the West and have insisted on the adoption of Western values and standards have also strongly criticized European civilization. Secondly, liberalism does not have a simple meaning. It connotes a number of complex ideological systems transformed over time both in theory and in political practice. Therefore, it is important to analyze the metaphysical premises of liberal doctrines and systems. I will examine assessments of liberal ideas made by Russian religious philosophers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries such as P. Struve, N. Novgorodtsev, I. Iliin, and S. Frank who all considered liberalism primarily a metaphysical rather than a legal or political phenomenon, and interpreted it as an empirical manifestation of the deep nature of the human spiritual reality. The problem of choosing the way for our country unavoidably makes us discuss the problem of liberalism. At the first sight, this should not be problem at all, as the liberal principles underlie Western society and so make the basis of the whole modern world order. But such a straight opinion is not shared by all political people here in Russia and there are two major reasons for this. First of the two is specificity of Russian mentality, Russian social consciousness, and generally all Russian social life. The idea of Russia's own way is, true, much used by various political movements of pronounced nationalist color, but we have to study this idea to the most possible deepness to not be oversimplifying the reality. It was common among all political groups and movements to state Russia's special historical fate and ways. Even the most westernly oriented political thinkers, though insisted on the adoption of Western values and standards, strongly criticized European civilization at the same time (so did Hertzen in his late years, for example).

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

The Ice Storm Book Vs. Movie C Essay -- essays research papers

There are many ways to tell a story. Back before there were books there as the actual storyteller who could speak out a story. There is also acting where people physically perform a story. Books are another storytelling device that is more permanent, the words are kept and they can be reviewed again and again. Now there are movies, which provide story telling with more an emphasis on visual effects. The question is which way is the best to present a certain type of story. The Ice Storm by Rick Moody was in such a position that one could actually look at both the modern movie and the book version.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story is a realistic story about the Hoods and the Willams. Both of these families were affluent families that lived in New Canaan. The book centers around Wendy and the events that take place during the their thanksgiving in the 70s. The story is pretty simple and is about family strife. Wendy is a typical adolescent exploring her sexuality. At the same time her parents, Ben and Elena are having marital differences. Ben is cheating on his wife with Janey, the wife of his close friend Jim. The irony comes up with Wendy who is has sexual relations with Janey and Jim's son Mikey and his younger brother Sandy. Wendy's older brother Paul who goes to boarding school returns home and is sexual inexperienced he desires to be with a girl named Libbets. The story centers around a key party that both the Hood's and Willams' attend. The highlight of the key party is where people place their keys into a jar and people pick up the keys of different people to have sex with the owner of the keys. At this party Ben expects to have sex with Janey, but instead Janey blows him off and has sex with someone else. This night Elena also finds out about the affair and has an affair with Jim, Janey's wife. Now while both of the parents are away Mikey wants to see Wendy, but instead Wendy fools around with Sandy. Mikey ends up wandering during the ice storm to get electrocuted by a live wire. At the same time Paul is with Libbets drinking and taking drugs. All of this is happening simultaneously on one fortuitous night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though the events and a lot of the dialogue are the same in both the book and the movie the crux of the two are completely different. The book focuses a lot more on sexual tension and sexual exploration. The... ...modems'; (3). It's much longer than that, but the jist of it captures the period of the sixties, which is a completely different time period with different morals and different problems. The movie should have started with Paul on the train and going through that speech, it was really well written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book and the movie are two different things both are remarkable in their own way. The book captures the period of adolescence and the sexual tension extremely well. It also captures the time period of the seventies well too. The movie has really good acting and the emotion of a family. It's realistic and the dialogue seems typical of an average family, which is what the movie is trying to portray. The movie and the book are two perspectives looking at the same story. It's impossible to judge which is better, but instead respect them both for their merit. The story behind both the book and movie is excellent. What makes it extraordinarily good is that all characters seem so real. Moody did a stellar job of humanizing the characters. This makes the story behind the book and movie so easy to relate to. The Ice Storm in any form of media is time well spent.

Cost of Goods Checkpoint Essay

A multi-step income statement for a trading business highlights the fact that between 40% and 60% of revenue from sales is accounted for as the cost of goods sold. The cost of goods attributed to a company’s products is expensed as the company sells these goods. There are several ways to calculate COGS but one of the more basic ways is to start with the beginning inventory for the period and add the total amount of purchases made during the period then deducting the ending inventory. (According to Kimmel, Weygandt, and Kieso), cost of goods sold is found by taking the cost of goods available for sale (beginning merchandise inventory + net purchase), less the ending merchandise inventory (p. 244). In a wholesale or retail trading business, merchandise held for resale in the normal course of business is the largest asset owned by the organization. For this reason it is vital that accurate up-to-date records be maintained when goods are acquired and inventories taken. Finished goods and or merchandise makes up cost of goods sold. There are two classifications of inventory: merchandiser or manufacturer. In a merchandiser company inventory consists of many items all different. Whereas, a manufacturer, some inventory may not be ready (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, p. 282). Examples of items that make up cost of goods include; produce, clothing, electronics, items that can be resold from manufacture to a company to the customer. This means when the business acquires a finished product, the cost of the product goes into an inventory asset account. The customer will then purchase the product, finished good, the business transfers the cost of the product from the inventory asset account to the cost of goods sold expense account because the product is no longer in the business’s inventory (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, p. 282). References Kimmel, P. D. , Weygandt, J. J. , & Kieso, D. E. (2011). Financial accounting: Tools for business decision making (6th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Anti Terrorism

Philosophical arguments Retribution Supporters of the death penalty argued that death penalty is morally justified when applied in murder especially with aggravating elements such as multiple homicide, child murder, torture murder and mass killing such as [terrorism], massacre, or genocide. Some even argue that not applying death penalty in latter cases is patently unjust. This argument is strongly defended by New York law professor Robert Blecker [4], who says that the punishment must be painful in proportion to the crime.It would be unfair that those who have committed these horrible crimes stay alive, even incarcerated. Abolitionists argue that retribution is simply revenge and cannot be condoned. Others while accepting retribution as an element of criminal justice nonetheless argue that life without parole is a sufficient substitute. Human rights Abolitionists believe capital punishment is the worst violation of human rights, because the right to life is the most important, and j udicial execution violates it without necessity and inflicts to the condemned a psychological torture.Albert Camus wrote in a 1956 book called â€Å"Reflections on the Guillotine, Resistance, Rebellion & Death†: An execution is not simply death. It is just as different from the privation of life as a concentration camp is from prison. [†¦ ] For there to be an equivalency, the death penalty would have to punish a criminal who had warned his victim of the date at which he would inflict a horrible death on him and who, from that moment onward, had confined him at his mercy for months. Such a monster is not encountered in private life. 5] This view contradicts classic natural rights doctrine, which stresses that the right to life can be forfeited by grave misbehavior. [3] Practical arguments Wrongful execution Main article: Wrongful execution Capital punishment is often opposed on the grounds that innocent people will inevitably be executed. Supporters of capital punishment object that these lives have to be weighed against the far more numerous innocent people whose lives can be saved if the murderers are deterred by the prospect of being executed. [6] Between 1973 and 2005, 123 people in 25 states were released from death row when new evidence of their innocence emerged. 7] However, statistics likely understate the actual problem of wrongful convictions because once an execution has occurred there is often insufficient motivation and finance to keep a case open, and it becomes unlikely at that point that the miscarriage of justice will ever be exposed. Another issue is the quality of the defense in a case where the accused has a public defender. The competence of the defense attorney â€Å"is a better predictor of whether or not someone will be sentenced to death than the facts of the crime†. 8] Also, improper procedure may result in unfair executions. For example, Amnesty International argues that, in Singapore, â€Å"the Misuse of Drugs Act contains a series of presumptions which shift the burden of proof from the prosecution to the accused. This conflicts with the universally guaranteed right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty†. [9] This refers to a situation when someone is being caught with drugs. In this situation, in almost any jurisdiction, the prosecution has a prima facie case. Racial and gender factors in the United StatesAfrican Americans, though they currently make up only 12 percent of the general population, have made up 41 percent of death row inmates and 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976. [10] According to Craig Rice, a black member of the Maryland state legislature: â€Å"The question is, are more people of color on death row because the system puts them there or are they committing more crimes because of unequal access to education and opportunity? The way I was raised, it was always to be held accountable for your actions. â€Å"[11] As of 2010, women account for only 1. % (55 people) of inmates on death row, with men accounting for the other 98. 3% (3206). Since 1976, only 1. 0% (12) of those executed were women. [12] Deterrence The existence of a deterrence effect is disputed. Studies-especially older ones-differ as to whether executions deter other potential criminals from committing murder or other crimes. One reason that there is no general consensus on whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent is that it is used so rarely – only about one out of every 300 murders actually results in an execution. In 2005 in the Stanford Law Review, John J.Donohue III, a law professor at Yale with a doctorate in economics, and Justin Wolfers, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania, wrote that the death penalty â€Å"†¦ is applied so rarely that the number of homicides it can plausibly have caused or deterred cannot reliably be disentangled from the large year-to-year changes in the homicide rate caused by other factors†¦ The e xisting evidence for deterrence†¦ is surprisingly fragile. † Wolfers stated, â€Å"If I was allowed 1,000 executions and 1,000 exonerations, and I was allowed to do it in a random, focused way, I could probably give you an answer. [13] Naci Mocan, an economist at Louisiana State University, authored a study that looked at all 3,054 U. S. counties over two decades, and concluded that each execution saved five lives. Mocan stated, â€Å"I personally am opposed to the death penalty†¦ But my research shows that there is a deterrent effect. â€Å"[13] Joanna M. Shepherd, a law professor at Emory with a doctorate in economics who was involved in several studies on the death penalty, stated, â€Å"I am definitely against the death penalty on lots of different grounds†¦But I do believe that people respond to incentives. † Shepherd found that the death penalty had a deterrent effect only in those states that executed at least nine people between 1977 and 1996. In the Michigan Law Review in 2005, Shepherd wrote, â€Å"Deterrence cannot be achieved with a half-hearted execution program. â€Å"[13] The question of whether or not the death penalty deters murder usually revolves around the statistical analysis. Studies have produced disputed results with disputed significance. 14] Some studies have shown a positive correlation between the death penalty and murder rates[15] – in other words, they show that where the death penalty applies, murder rates are also high. This correlation can be interpreted in either that the death penalty increases murder rates by brutalizing society, or that higher murder rates cause the state to retain or reintroduce the death penalty. However, supporters and opponents of the various statistical studies, on both sides of the issue, argue that correlation does not imply causation.The case for a large deterrent effect of capital punishment has been significantly strengthened since the 1990s, as a wave of so phisticated econometric studies have exploited a newly-available form of data, so-called panel data. [6] Most of the recent studies demonstrate statistically a deterrent effect of the death penalty. [16] However, critics claim severe methodological flaws in these studies and hold that the empirical data offer no basis for sound statistical conclusions about the deterrent effect. 17] Surveys and polls conducted in the last 15 years show that some police chiefs and others involved in law enforcement may not believe that the death penalty has any deterrent effect on individuals who commit violent crimes. In a 1995 poll of randomly selected police chiefs from across the U. S. , the officers rank the death penalty last as a way of deterring or preventing violent crimes. They ranked it behind many other forms of crime control including reducing drug abuse and use, lowering technical barriers when prosecuting, putting more officers on the streets,and making prison sentences longer.They res ponded that a better economy with more jobs would lessen crime rates more than the death penalty[18] In fact, only one percent of the police chiefs surveyed thought that the death penalty was the primary focus for reducing crime. [19] However, the police chiefs surveyed were more likely to favor capital punishment than the general population. In addition to statistical evidence, psychological studies examine whether murderers think about the consequences of their actions before they commit a crime.Most homicides are spur-of-the-moment, spontaneous, emotionally impulsive acts. Murderers do not weigh their options very carefully in this type of setting (Jackson 27). It is very doubtful that killers give much thought to punishment before they kill (Ross 41). But some say the death penalty must be enforced even if the deterrent effect is unclear, like John McAdams, who teaches political science at Marquette University : â€Å"If we execute murderers and there is in fact no deterrent ef fect, we have killed a bunch of murderers.If we fail to execute murderers, and doing so would in fact have deterred other murders, we have allowed the killing of a bunch of innocent victims. I would much rather risk the former. This, to me, is not a tough call. â€Å"[20] This may be construed as contradicting the traditional legal view of Blackstone and the 12th Century legal scholar Maimonides whose oft-cited maxim is: â€Å"It is better and more satisfactory to acquit a thousand guilty persons than to put a single innocent one to death. Maimonides argued that executing a defendant on anything less than absolute certainty would lead to a slippery slope of decreasing burdens of proof, until we would be convicting merely â€Å"according to the judge's caprice. † Caprice of various sorts are more visible now with DNA testing, and digital computer searches and discovery requirements opening DA's files. Maimonides' concern was maintaining popular respect for law, and he saw er rors of commission as much more threatening than errors of omission. [21] Cass R.Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule, both of Harvard law school, however, have argued that if there is a deterrent effect it will save innocent lives, which gives a life-life tradeoff. â€Å"The familiar problems with capital punishment—potential error, irreversibility, arbitrariness, and racial skew—do not argue in favor of abolition, because the world of homicide suffers from those same problems in even more acute form. † They conclude that â€Å"a serious commitment to the sanctity of human life may well compel, rather than forbid, that form of punishment. â€Å"[6] Use of the death penalty on plea bargainSupporters of the death penalty, especially those who do not believe in the deterrent effect of the death penalty, say the threat of the death penalty could be used to urge capital defendants to plead guilty, testify against accomplices, or disclose the location of the victim's body. Norman Frink, a senior deputy district attorney in the state of Oregon, considers capital punishment a valuable tool for prosecutors. The threat of death leads defendants to enter plea deals for life without parole or life with a minimum of 30 years—-the two other penalties, besides death, that Oregon allows for aggravated murder. 22] In a plea agreement reached with Washington state prosecutors, Gary Ridgway, a Seattle-area man who admitted to 48 murders since 1982 accepted a sentence of life in prison without parole. Prosecutors spared Ridgway from execution in exchange for his cooperation in leading police to the remains of still-missing victims. [23][24][25] Cost Recent studies show that executing a criminal costs more than life imprisonment does. Many states have found it cheaper to sentence criminals to life in prison than to go through the time-consuming and bureaucratic process of executing a convicted criminal.Donald McCartin, an Orange County, California Jurist fam ous for sending nine men to death row during his career, has said, â€Å"It's 10 times more expensive to kill [criminals] than to keep them alive. † [26] This exclamation is actually low according to a June 2011 study by former death penalty prosecutor and federal judge Arthur L. Alarcon, and law professor Paula Mitchell. According to Alarcon and Mitchell, California has spent $4 billion on the death penalty since 1978, and death penalty trials are 20 times more expensive than trials seeking a sentence of life in prison without possibility of parole. 27] Death penalty proponents disagree, saying the study claiming the costs of the death penalty outweigh implementing life without parole is prepared by an anti-death penalty. [28] When califonians voters voted in 2012 about proposition 34, which aimed to abolish the death penalty, the cost was the main argument of proponents of the proposition in theirs TV ads, and was also written on the ballot. The argument may have convinced some death penalty supporters, but the proposition was rejeted with 53% of the vote against it

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Assignment Communication Profile

During the course of the day, I spent just as much time listening as I did talking so I guess it is 50/50. I thought before doing this chart that I did not talk much but after I look at it I spend just as much time listing as I do talking. After noticing that most of my day is silent because no one is at home I think I need to find something to do during the day. When it comes to the different types of listing such as comprehensive listening, empathetic listening, critical listening and appreciative listening I noticed I use mostly appreciative listening and empathetic listening.Because I am A stay at home mom about the only conversations I have are with my daughter and her daddy so I spend most of my time soothing them and helping them with there problems and just being there to listen to them. I think I need the most improvement in critical listening because some times I tend to loose the whole idea of the conversations I am in and find my self daydreaming and blocking people out. I think improving on critical listing will help me a lot because not only will I be listing to what people have to say I would actually be paying attrition and understand what they are talking about.I think to improve on this listing skill I will need to get out of the house more often and communicate with different types of people. Over all I think my listing and communications skills could use some work. I think most of my problem is being stuck inside the house except for one day a month when I do errands and shop for food. I think getting out and meeting new people and communicating with friend would help me out a great deal. I think with a few minor adjustment to my normal day to day life will help me in a big way.Now when I go out I will pay more attrition to my communication skills. Because who knows what people think of me when I go out and they try to speak to me and I just smile and shake my head and they can tell I am not listing to what they are saying. Now since I am pa ying more attention to the way I communicate I have practiced it with my family and they told me I was acting different because now I actually take in everything that have to say.I also communicate more with them than I use to and they say I seem like a different person. I enjoy the time I have with my family now and pay more attention to my communication skills. They said before I was like a knot on a log I was always in a daze and never really said anything back to them when they were talking. Now I am on my way to better communication skills not just in my personal life but my social life as well.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Jean Piaget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jean Piaget - Essay Example The main role in the process of cognition belongs to mental abilities of person: infants are born with certain schemes operating at birth (reflexes), but while in animals these schemes control behavior throughout life human beings use them to adapt to the environment and develop their cognitive abilities. Piaget identifies four periods of cognitive development: sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete-operational, and formal-operational. Each of these periods is associated with mastering certain skills and abilities such as use of symbols, abstract thinking, etc: Pre-operational stage (toddler and early childhood): intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols, improvements in the use of language, development of memory and imagination. However, thinking remains illogical and nonreversible; egocentric thinking dominates during this stage; Concrete operational stage (elementary and early adolescence): intelligence is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Operational thinking develops (mental actions that are reversible) while egocentric thinking diminishes. Formal operational stage (adolescence and adulthood): intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts.

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Shaft design features Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shaft design features - Lab Report Example There are different designs of shafts made each day for specific machines, but most of them will not lack the identified features (Shingley, 2006). Keyway: This is a part of a system in a shaft known as a keyed joint. It comprises of the key, the key seat and the keyway. The key is used for connecting the shaft to the rotating machine and preventing relative rotation between the two. For the key to function, the rotating machine and the shaft must have a key seat and a keyway, which are the pocket and the slot in which the key fits in. Designers argue that the keyway weakens the torsional strength of the shaft since it is mostly on one side of the shaft and has sharp corners. Retaining rings: These are used during the assembling of a machine in joining the elements. They are precision engineered components applied on shafts and bores to provide a shoulder for the positioning, locating and retaining the other parts of the machine to the shaft. The two major types of retaining rings are the internal and the external retaining rings. The internal retaining rings are the rings for bores since the ring fits inside of a hole or bore. The external retaining rings are the ones for shafts since they are installed on the outside part of the shaft. The rings could be installed in axial installation, which is along the axis of the shaft or radial installation, which offers quicker assembly processes and larger clearance diameters as compared to the former. Bearings: These machine elements allow the components of a certain machine to move with respect to each other. Bearings could be found in small machines like watches and also in big machines such as skyscrapers, allowing them to move in case of an earthquake. The bearings are very important elements as without them, all machines would grind to a halt. They could either be contact or non-contact. Contact type

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Gender and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender and Culture - Essay Example All throughout my college life, I always used to depend on others view and advise to make any decision. Everything changed once I entered the organization. My boss always believed that people should make their own decisions and work on them. He expected the same from us. He made sure that I attended all the meetings with the clients and handled them single handedly. After the meetings, I was asked for opinion on the client. Initially I found it difficult and felt that my Boss was testing my performance. As days went on, I found that I started making my own decisions. This affected me personally as well as professionally. I was given the real freedom to make my choice. I transformed from being a dependent person to an independent person. I did not wait for approval from others and I enjoyed the responsibility which was placed on me. This effort by the people of the organization helped me a lot to make my own decisions and stand by them. It has influenced me in a positive way both in m y professional and personal life. Gaining Confidence During my college days, I feared to express myself, my views and ideas to everyone. The confidence in me was missing. My organization gave me more responsibilities which helped me increase my confidence level. People around me always told me that I was very talented and can do better than what I was doing. I was asked to lead a group of talented individuals for an important proposal. The outcome was that our organization won that proposal and I gained confidence on myself. Now I am willing to be defeated by the world since I have the confidence that I can win in any situation. Their way of teaching and giving me responsibilities is betterment for me and helped me a lot. This was one of the most important phases of my life since confidence and belief in my abilities helped me in my work. Sign of transformation from a Boy to Man. Facing my Fears People in my organization always believed in taking risks to succeed. For a person who a lways used to hide from fears, this thinking was never in synchronization with me. I always had doubts on my ability and was feared whether I could face the people and world around me. My organization conducted the â€Å"Innovative idea† session every three months where everyone had to present a new idea which would help the business grow. Initially I feared and did not perform well. Looking at this, my colleagues spoke to me and made me rehearse the presentation every time before I made the presentation. After few days, I was asked to do a similar presentation ad I fearless like never before. This technique by the people in my organization helped me in a long way. I now have a habit of taking risk to succeed without fearing what the outcome could be. This has changed compared to my college days where I feared my failures and never expressed my ideas. My organization has helped me in a way where I have transformed from a Boy to a Man. Controlling emotions These sequences also helped me to control my emotions. I learnt that no matter what happens, one should keep their emotions in check. Happiness and sorrow are the two faces of life and one should meet both equally without fear. People in my organization played a huge role in developing me. From being a feared, low on confidence and dependent person, my organization’s values have made me a confident and independent person. With the ever increasing competition to succeed, this transformation is important for everybody. They need to be strong if they are

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Absorptive Capacity in Knowledge Management Essay

Absorptive Capacity in Knowledge Management - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the final result of absorptive capacity is thus innovation and already performance. Absorptive capacity may be construed as a four-tiered concept. It requires acquisition, proceeded by assimilation followed by transformation and eventually exploitation (Smith et. al., 2005). Acquisition involves the process of obtaining knowledge from external sources. The organization needs to have mechanisms for identifying that knowledge first. In essence, the acquisition process should be related to their core operations. Assimilation ought to follow this process; here, firms must capitalize on their processes and routines in order to interpret, analyze as well as understand the external knowledge. Once assimilation has occurred, the company ought to combine current and assimilated knowledge into one platform through transformation. This may involve a modification for existing practices. Finally, exploitation needs to take place, where a company leverages on its t ransformed capabilities by placing them into their operations. Acquisition may be influenced by a number of variables. The intensity and speed of knowledge acquisition has an effect on the outlook.Â